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In-vehicle sensors required for the era of autonomous driving
2020-11-17
ADAS vehicles are equipped with sensors for various purposes, such as long-range radar, medium-and-short-range radar, LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), cameras, ultrasonic sensors, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), infrared sensors, etc. Currently, many vehicles are equipped with sensors at the front and rear, and with the improvement of autonomous driving levels, the practicality of 360-degree sensing is becoming increasingly important.
In addition, Robotic Cars, initially designed for autonomous driving, are equipped with 8 cameras, 6 LiDARs (4 short-range, 1 medium-range, 1 long-range), 4 radars, and 10 other sensors (8 ultrasonic sensors, 2 GPU/IMU).
Among the automotive sensors mentioned above, the number of long-range cameras is expected to increase the most, with an estimated annual shipment of around 10 million units in 2030. In addition, the predicted 2030 shipments for medium-range LiDAR, short-range LiDAR, short-range radar, and short-range cameras are around 5 million units each, while the predicted 2030 shipment for long-range radar is approximately 2.5 million units. This shows that the growth of long-range cameras is the most promising. Furthermore, long-wave infrared (LWIR) cameras are used to identify pedestrians and wildlife at night. According to Yole, their shipments will grow at a high speed of 30% annually from 2021, reaching approximately 500,000 units in 2024 (sales of approximately US$190 million, or approximately RMB 1.292 billion).
On the other hand, by frequency band, the radar module market can be divided into three categories. The market size of 24GHz radar was approximately US$1.54 billion (2018, approximately RMB 10.472 billion). It saw minimal growth until 2020, after which it declined, with the 2022 market size being lower than that of 2018. In addition, the market size of the mainstream 77GHz radar in 2018 reached US$2.47 billion (approximately RMB 16.796 billion). With the popularization of AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking), it will gradually increase, and is expected to exceed US$4 billion (approximately RMB 27.2 billion) in 2024. In comparison, the higher-frequency 79GHz radar market is also expected to experience significant growth, reaching a market size of US$2 billion (approximately RMB 13.6 billion) in 2024. The overall annual average growth rate of the radar market is approximately 23%, and the market size in 2022 will reach US$7.5 billion (approximately RMB 51 billion).
With the increasing number of sensors, the importance of semiconductors that process this information and provide feedback to various parts of the vehicle is also gradually increasing. According to Yole's prediction of the future market trend for semiconductors used in infotainment, around Level 3, the multiple MCUs (Micro Controller Units) currently used will be integrated into a single module as an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) or Vision Processor. After that, a dedicated platform for Level 5 ADAS will also be added, and integration will be implemented depending on the specific situation.
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