The working principle of strain gauges

2024-04-12

Strain gauge technology is an experimental stress analysis method that determines the strain of a component through resistance strain gauges and then determines the stress state of the component at the measurement point based on the stress-strain relationship. It is an effective means of solving practical engineering problems.

In strain measurement, the strain gauge or sensor is fixed to the component being measured. When the component deforms, the resistance value of the strain gauge changes accordingly. A strain measuring device (referred to as a strain gauge) measures this change in resistance, converting it into strain or outputting an analog electrical signal (voltage or current) proportional to the strain. This is recorded by a recorder, or data can be processed by a computer according to predetermined requirements to obtain the required stress or strain values.

Strain measurement can be achieved through various mechanical and electronic measurement methods, but strain gauges, due to their superior measurement characteristics, are still widely used in most strain measurements.

A strain gauge is a component consisting of a sensitive grid or similar part used to measure strain. The working principle of a resistance strain gauge is based on the strain effect: when a conductive or semiconductive material undergoes mechanical deformation under external force, its resistance changes accordingly. This phenomenon is called the "strain effect".

When using strain gauges in any field, the first consideration is selecting a suitable strain gauge for the testing task. While strain gauge selection may seem simple, careful and rational selection of the strain gauge's characteristics and parameters is crucial. Choosing the right strain gauge optimizes its performance under specific environmental and operating conditions, ensuring accurate and reliable strain measurement, and minimizing the overall cost of strain gauge installation.

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